3.0 solutions for the underground space use by function

Underground space use by Function

The major functions to be placed in underground space together with subcategories of use are illustrated (fig 8) .In underground space utilization it have been use with two categories with People-oriented uses and product-oriented uses to be the functions of underground . In major functions it have been separate by 5 major, it has residential, nonresidential, infrastructure and military.

One of the designs for the residential of people-oriented uses mostly of them is using for single family or multifamily to living at the space .Besides that level of the ground for the residential mostly are from surface to underground normally from 7feet to 10 feet. on the other hand, category of non -residential for people –oriented uses for religious, recreational, institutional and commercial but to product-oriented uses mostly use for industrial, parking storage and agriculture. Besides that underground also can be infrastructure like transportation of passengers in public transportation, transportation of goods, utilities, energy disposal and mines. Underground space design can protect the environment and more environmental friendly than the surface. Designs in surface will create more negative impact to environment. Underground architecture will be more environmental friendly and functional to the humanity.

Lighting Problem

While lighting is only one of many considerations in the interior design of a building, it is an importance issue in the design of underground spaces. The underground design have been lacking on the natural lighting because there are no windows, there is a sense of confinement underground. There is not natural light direct into the space which makes the people feel the darkness and coldness. This is the main issue for the underground space design for the humanity but now days artificial light slowly become more technological it will help us to light up the darkness space. It helps a lot in our future to bring the light to make us to feel more comfortable in to the space. Come to the next paragraph I will describe and show a few of pattern on how underground design been light up from the natural light and artificial light.

Natural Light through windows and skylights

In underground buildings near the surface, windows and skylights can provide natural light into the interior to let the people realize there are important things there and to focus on it. In (figure 10), is it shown that the skylight can provide natural light to the upper floor of an underground structure. From the atrium space from the image u can see the natural sun light penetrate further into lower levels of the structure? The spaces surrounding the void have been providing with natural sunlight which will affects the brightness of the whole space. (Figure 11&12)

Figure 11. An underground building on a flat site using an atrium to provide natural light to focus up the space

Figure 12.How the sunlight shooting into interior space and create an ambient to the space 

In another hand, in current Artificial light become very useful things for interior design. It has a lot of way and design to create the light effect to the space. For example down light, florescence’s light and other. Design artificial lightning it has helps a lot to the natural light. Natural can’t be whole day to help to bright up the interior space and different season different weather have the different tones of light to the space .

Underground does should use more electric to support the lighting we can using the solar function as our second energy to back up or use it when we have an emergency. If have a huge building need to have huge energy resource with can using the power of water to create an energy to the underground .it is more environmental to our mother earth. Malaysia was a good location to using solar because it was a tropical country most of the weather is hot if we protect our environmental.

3.2 poor ventilation and air quality

On the other hand, underground space has poor ventilation and air quality. The spaces from underground have been surrounded by soil and less opening from the surface. This is the big issues for those Tropicana countries like Malaysia, they need more mechanical system helping to pump up the heat from the ground to surface and recycle the oxygen from the surface to ground something’s like a recycle progress. A few years ago, underground architecture has been facing this issue, but now mechanical system is more technology in underground buildings. It provides a high level of thermal comfort, an acceptable humidity level, and adequate ventilation to overcome air quality problems (figure 13).The system is called heat pump, it was a substance called a refrigerant carries the heat from one area to another. When compressed, it is a high temperature, high-pressure liquid. If it is allowed to expand, it will turns into a low temperature, low pressure gas. The gas then absorbs heat.

Figure 13GEOTHERMAL or GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMPS

Another opinion, solution for every problem like Ventilation does have good ventilation inside ground space. The problem depends on how the design helps the natural ventilation come into the underground space. For example from the (figure 14) it shows that the underground architecture creates more opening to let the air come into space it which will help in good ventilation because it has the coolest air from the underground space thus, heat go up to surface. Other alternatives, underground building can create a hole to let nature connect with the underground space and also can create smooth ventilation into underground.